Post-COVID-19 syndrome: Descriptive analysis based on a survivors' cohort in Colombia.

Background: The prevalence of post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is estimated to be between 10% and 20%. The main reported symptoms are fatigue, memory alterations, dyspnea, sleep disorders, arthralgia, anxiety, taste alterations, coughing and depression. This study aims to determine the prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in a group of Colombian patients who were recruited during their outpatient appointments. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 to May 2022. It included patients from outpatient facilities located in five main cities in Colombia who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing and reported PCS in the following 12 weeks after their COVID-19 diagnosis. Results: A total of 1047 individuals >18 years old met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The median age was 46 years old. 68.2% of the participants were female, 41.5% of the patients reported having a pre-existent condition (hypertension, anxiety disorder, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, obesity and asthma). Only 22% had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine prior to the COVID-19 episode registered. The more prevalent symptoms within our group are described as follows: fatigue (53.3%), dyspnea (40.3%), arthralgia and/or myalgia (43%), cephalea (40.5%), sleep disorders (35.7%) and coughing (31.3%). 72% of the patients presented four or more post-COVID 19 symptoms, 9% two symptoms, and 10% only one symptom. Conclusion: The findings of this study are consistent with international literature publicly available. The distribution and prevalence of post-COVID symptoms highlight the importance of further research to improve understanding and its potential consequences and implications in terms of quality of life and health care planning services.

Sedentarism, A Modifiable Risk Factor for Developing Chronic Kidney Disease in Healthy People.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a consequence of the interaction of many pathophysiological processes, manifested by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and abnormal kidney function. Sedentary behavior is associated with decreased kidney function, and regular physical activity could have the potential to reduce the risk of developing CKD, although this is not entirely clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between sedentary behavior and the development of CKD. METHODS: A search was carried out in different databases and metasearchers from January 2015 to June 2020 for cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies, in which the association of a sedentary lifestyle or physical inactivity with the appearance of CKD was evaluated in healthy people. Eight articles were obtained, including six cross-sectional studies, one case-control, and one cohort study. The quality of evidence for the main outcomes was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) model. RESULTS: Most of the studies included in this systematic review agree that there is an association between a sedentary lifestyle and CKD; however, not all used the same definition of this disease, in the same way, the definitions of physical activity and sedentary behavior were different between these studies, as well as the methods of measuring sedentary behavior. CONCLUSION: CKD could be associated with sedentary behavior in previously healthy people. It was not possible to determine a measure of association with the available scientific evidence, as the study designs were heterogeneous. Modifiable risk factors should be considered in different population groups to reduce the risk of CKD.

Perforación gástrica asociada al consumo de helado con nitrógeno líquido / Gastric perforation associated with the intake of ice cream with liquid nitrogen

La ingestión de nitrógeno líquido es una causa infrecuente de perforación gástrica, se conoce poco sobre como este compuesto afecta el tejido gastrointestinal, sus mecanismos de lesión y sus consecuencias clínicas. Cada vez es más frecuente el uso del nitrógeno líquido de forma comercial en productos de repostería y gastronomía, por lo que es importante reconocer sus potenciales efectos cuando la manipulación no es la adecuada. En este caso clínico describimos una perforación gástrica secundaria al consumo de helado preparado con nitrógeno líquido.

Liquid nitrogene ingestion is a frecuent cause of gastric perforation. It is unknown how this compound afects the gatrointestinal tissue, it mechanisisms of injury and the clinical consecuences. Nowadays, the use of liquid nitrogene in gastronomy is becoming a tendency, for this reason it is important to identify the potencial healt effects of this compound when is not correctly manipulated. The following article describes a secondary gastric perforation, as a consecuence of the consumption of ice cream prepared with liquid nitrogene.

[Gastric perforation associated with the intake of ice cream with liquid nitrogen]. / Perforación gástrica asociada al consumo de helado con nitrógeno líquido.

Liquid nitrogene ingestion is a frecuent cause of gastric perforation. It is unknown how this compound afects the gatrointestinal tissue, it mechanisisms of injury and the clinical consecuences. Nowadays, the use of liquid nitrogene in gastronomy is becoming a tendency, for this reason it is important to identify the potencial healt effects of this compound when is not correctly manipulated. The following article describes a secondary gastric perforation, as a consecuence of the consumption of ice cream prepared with liquid nitrogene.

Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer gástrico temprano - 2015 / Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnostics, Prevention and Management for early Gastric Cancer - 2015

Objetivo: proporcionar una guía de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia más reciente para la detección oportuna, diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer gástrico temprano teniendo en cuenta la eficacia y seguridad de las intervenciones dirigidas a pacientes, personal asistencial, administrativo y entes gubernamentales de cualquier servicio de atención en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: esta guía fue desarrollada por un equipo multidisciplinario con apoyo de la Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología, el Grupo Cochrane ITS y el Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se desarrollaron preguntas clínicas relevantes y se realizó la búsqueda de guías nacionales e internacionales en bases de datos especializadas. Las guías existentes fueron evaluadas en términos de calidad y aplicabilidad; ninguna de ellas cumplió con el criterio de adaptación, por lo que se decidió construir una guía de novo. El Grupo Cochrane realizó la búsqueda sistemática de la literatura. Las tablas de evidencia y recomendaciones fueron realizadas con base en la metodología GRADE. Las recomendaciones de la guía fueron socializadas dentro del marco del VII curso de gastroenterología de la Policía Nacional que incluyó la presencia del Dr. K. Yao, y en una reunión de expertos con entes gubernamentales y pacientes. Resultados: se desarrolló una guía de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia para la detección oportuna, diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer gástrico temprano en Colombia. Conclusiones: la detección y el manejo oportuno de lesiones premalignas y malignas del cáncer gástrico temprano son estrategias que contribuyen a mejorar la incidencia, calidad de vida y desenlaces de la enfermedad.

Objective: To provide an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for detection, diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cancer considering the efficacy and safety and interventions for patients, caregivers, administrative and government bodies at all levels of care in Colombia. Materials and Methods: This guide was developed by a multidisciplinary team with the support of the Colombian Association of Gastroenterology, Cochrane STI Group and Clinical Research Institute of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Relevant clinical questions were developed and the search for national and international guidelines in databases was performed. Existing guidelines were evaluated quality and usability. None of the guidelines met criteria for adaptation, so the group decided to develop a de novo guideline. Systematic literature searches were conducted by Cochrane STI. The tables of evidence and recommendations were developed based on the GRADE approach. Results: A Clinical Practice Guidelines for the detection, diagnosis and treatment of early gastric cancer was developed for the Colombian context. Conclusions: The opportune detection and appropriate management of premalignant and malignant lesions of early gastric cancer would impact the burden of the disease.

Linfangiectasias en yeyuno como causa de sangrado digestivo oscuro manifiesto / Clinical case of lymphangiectasia in jejunum as a cause of manifest obscure gastrointestinal bleeding / Clinical case of lymphangiectasia in jejunum as a cause of manifest obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

El sangrado digestivo oscuro constituye entre 10 y 20% de todas las causas de sangrado digestivo. La etiología está claramente relacionada con el grupo etario en que se presente. Las linfangiectasias del yeyuno son una causa rara de sangrado digestivo, pero puede llegar a ser de alta mortalidad en caso de que no se detecte tempranamente. Reportamos un caso de un paciente joven sin historia previa de enfermedad, con sangrado digestivo manifestado por melenas, con anemización severa, con estudios endoscópicos iniciales normales, en quien hacemos abordaje con estudios para intestino delgado (video cápsula endoscópica y enteroscopia anterógrada de doble balón), con los que hacemos el diagnóstico y es llevado a cirugía, con adecuada evolución clínica y curación de la enfermedad. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 158-161).

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is between 10 to 20% of all causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. The etiology is clearly related to the age group in which it is presented. Lymphangiectasia in jejunum is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, but can have high mortality if not detected early. A case of a young patient with no history of previous disease presenting gastrointestinal bleeding manifested by melaena, with severe anemia and normal initial endoscopic studies, is presented. The diagnosis was made by endoscopic video capsule and antegrade double-balloon enteroscopy and surgery was performed with adequate clinical evolution and cure of the disease. (Acta Med Colomb 2015; 40: 158-161).

Criptococosis esófago-gastroduodenal: reporte de caso / Esophageal Gastroduodenal Cryptococcosis: A Case Report

Existen pocos pacientes inmunodeprimidos o no, con implicación del tracto gastrointestinal por Cryptococcus neoformans, tanto en su manifestación local como enfermedad aislada y diseminada tipo criptococcemia. Reportamos un caso de criptococosis con compromiso esofágico, gástrico y duodenal en un paciente diagnosticado con SIDA C3. Según nuestro conocimiento, y búsqueda en la literatura, ha sido el único caso reportado en Colombia y América Latina.

There are very few patients, whether they are immunocompromised or not, with their gastrointestinal tracts compromised by Cryptococcus neoformans. This is true for both local manifestations as an isolated disease and for the disseminated disease of cryptococcoma. We report a case of cryptococcosis with esophageal, gastric and duodenal compromise in a patient diagnosed with Category 3 AIDS. To our knowledge after a search of the literature, this is the only reported case in Colombia and Latin America.

Diferenciación de cáncer gástrico temprano vs linitis plástica; ¿los síntomas hacen la diferencia? / Differentiation of early gastric cancer vs linitis plastica: do symptoms make a difference?

El cáncer gástrico tiene un patrón de presentación que va desde el estadio temprano a la linitis plástica, con pronósticos radicalmente diferentes, el primero con sobrevida a cinco años superior a 90%, el segundo inferior a 5%. Objetivo: identificar si las características clínicas permiten diferenciar un estadio temprano de linitis plástica. Metodología: se revisaron las bases de datos de la unidad de gastroenterología y endoscopia digestiva de un hospital de tercer nivel entre julio de 2005 y julio de 2010, seleccionando los casos donde se encontró linitis plástica y cáncer gástrico temprano, todos confirmados por patología. Resultados: se incluyeron 56 pacientes, 15 linitis y 41 cáncer temprano. Edad promedio de 61.3 años, (IC95%54.5-68.2) para linitis y 63 años para cáncer temprano (39-85), 66.6% fueron mujeres y 33.4% hombres en linitis plástica y 51.2% mujeres y 48.8% hombres en cáncer temprano. Compromiso del cuerpo en linitis 76.9%, en cáncer temprano el cuerpo 29.3%, antro 43.9%Pérdida de peso presentó un 73.3% en linitis y 26.8% en cáncer temprano. No hubo diferencias significativas en síntomas como: vómito, hematemesis, melenas o epigastralgia. El 26.8% de los pacientes tenían antecedente de cáncer gástrico. Conclusion: los síntomas no son útiles como herramienta para diferenciar cáncer gástrico temprano de la linitis plástica, por lo cual se requieren otras estrategias para la detección del cáncer en estado temprano como podría ser la realización de EVDA en los pacientes con antecedentes familiares de este tumor. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 62-65).

Gastric cancer has a pattern of presentation ranging from early stage to linitis plastica, with radically different prognosis; early cancer with 5-year survival exceeding 90%, and linitis plastica with survival of less than 5%. Objective: identify if the clinical features differentiate an early stage cancer from plastic linitis. Methodology: we reviewed the databases of the unit of gastroenterology and endoscopy of a tertiary hospital between July 2005 to July 2010, selecting those cases where we found plastic linitis and early gastric cancer, all confirmed by pathology. Results: we included 56 patients, 15 with linitis, and 41 with early cancer. Mean age was 61.3 years (95% CI 54.5-68.2) for linitis and 63 years for early cancer (39-85). With plastic linitis, 66.6% were female and 33.4% men, and with early cancer, 51.2% were women and 48.8% were men. Stomach body involvement in linitis was 76.9%; in early cancer, body involvement was 29.3%; antrum involvement was 43.9%. 73.3% of patients with linitis had weight loss and 26.8% had it with early cancer. There were no significant differences in symptoms such as vomiting, hematemesis, melena or epigastralgia. 26.8% of patients had a history of gastric cancer. Conclusion: the symptoms are not useful as a tool to differentiate early gastric cancer from linitis plastica, so other strategies are required for detection of early stage cancer, such as the performance of endoscopy in patients with a family history of this tumor. (Acta Med Colomb 2012; 37: 62-65).